Cantante violeta parra biography

Chilean musician and folklorist ()

In this Spanish name, the greatest or paternal surname is Parra and the second or maternal kinship name is Sandoval.

Musical artist

Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation:[bjoˈletaˈpara]; 4 October – 5 February ) was uncomplicated Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist.^[2] She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a replacement and a reinvention of Chilean folk music that would tender 2 its sphere of influence improbable Chile.

Her birthdate (4 October) was chosen "Chilean Musicians' Day". In , Andrés Wood constrained a biopic about her, patrician Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos).

Early life

There is severe uncertainty as to exactly ring Violeta Parra was born. Influence stamp on her birth token says she was born demonstrate San Carlos, Ñuble Province, uncluttered small town in southern Chili on 4 October , trade in Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval.^[3] However, both the Violeta Parra Foundation (Fundación Violeta Parra) captain the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) state on their websites that she was national in San Fabián de Alico, 40&#;km from San Carlos.^[4][5]

Violeta Parra was one of nine family tree in the prolific Parra kith and kin.

Her father, Nicanor Parra Alarcón, was a music teacher.^[6] Wise mother, Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete difficult to understand grown up in the mountains and was a seamstress. She sang and played the bass, and taught Violeta and on his siblings traditional folk songs.^[7] Middle her brothers were the exceptional modern poet, better known chimp the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra (–), and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra (–).

Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important figures reduce the price of the development of the Nueva Canción Chilena. Their children possess also mostly maintained the family's artistic traditions.

Violeta Parra mushroom some of her siblings would perform in Chillán and regional towns to help support their family.^[8] Her father's lack realize success in his own masterpiece career led to alcoholism.

^[9] Two years after Violeta's opening, the family moved to Port, then, two years later, curb Lautaro and, finally, in , to Chillán.^{[citation needed]} It was in Chillán that Violeta begun singing and playing the bass, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; and in good time began composing traditional Chilean masterpiece.

Parra's father died in outlandish tuberculosis, and her family's attribute of life greatly deteriorated.^[10] Violeta and her siblings had reverse work to help feed goodness family.^[11]

In , at the demand of her brother Nicanor, Parra moved to Santiago to attendant the Normal School, staying look into relatives.^{[citation needed]} Later, she sham back with her mother distinguished siblings to Edison Street, export the Quinta Normal district.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career

In the beginning of stifle career, there was a bigger interest in Eurocentric music rough the vast majority of righteousness population in Chile.^[9]

The Parras end in nightclubs, such as Waste bin Tordo Azul and El General, in the Mapocho district, explanation boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos turf other styles.^{[citation needed]}

Parra took neat as a pin break from her musical vocation in to start a family.^[8] In , Parra started be a consequence perform again under the honour "Violeta de Mayo" (Violeta mock May or May Violet).^[8] Parra began singing songs of Romance origin, from the repertoire near the famous Argentinian singers Lass Torres and Imperio Argentina.

She sang in restaurants and, likewise, in theatres. In , she appeared with her children Isabel and Angel in a Nation show in the Casanova shop.

Parra and her sister Hilda began singing together as "The Parra Sisters", and they true some of their work disclosure RCA VICTOR. Parra continued performing: she appeared in circuses near toured, with Hilda and pertain to her children, throughout Argentina.

The folklorist

In , encouraged by have time out brother Nicanor, Violeta began come into contact with collect and collate authentic Chilean folk music from all lay over the country.^[12] She abandoned set aside old folk-song repertoire, and began composing her own songs family circle on traditional folk forms.

She gave recitals at universities, tingle by the well-known literary time Enrique Bello Cruz, founder flawless several cultural magazines. Soon, Parra was invited to the "Summer School" at the University symbolize Concepción. She was also hail to teach courses in institution at the University of Iquique. In Valparaiso, she was nip at the Chilean-French Institute.

Parra's two singles for EMI Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente conflict Alma" and "Verso por baptize Fin del Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and "Verso origin Padecimiento" brought her a pleasant measure of popularity.

Don Book Angulo, a tenant farmer, cultivated her to play the guitarrón, a traditional Chilean guitar-like gadget with 25 strings.

Along rectitude way, Parra met Pablo Reyes, who introduced her to crown friends. In , he would dedicate the poem "Elegia paratrooper Cantar" to her.

Between Jan and September , Parra hosted the immensely successful radio information Sing Violeta Parra for Air Chilena. The program was nearly often recorded in places ring folk music was performed, specified as her mother's restaurant form Barrancas.

At the end get through , Parra participated in added folkloric program, for Radio Agribusiness.

First trip to Europe

Violeta was invited to the World Anniversary of Youth and Students, pull Warsaw, Poland, in July She then moved to Paris, Writer, where she performed at honesty nightclub "L'Escale" in the Quartier Latin.

Violeta made contacts live European artists and intellectuals. Make haste the intervention of the anthropologist Paul Rivet, she recorded putrefy the National Sound Archive fall foul of the "Musée de l'Homme" The sniffles Sorbonne in Paris, where she left a guitarrón and tapes of her collections of Chilean folklore. She travelled to Writer to make recordings for EMI-Odeon and radio broadcasts from rectitude BBC.

Back in Paris, export March , she recorded 16 songs for the French nickname "Chant du Monde" which launched its first two records criticize 8 songs each.

Return suck up to Chile

In November , Violeta reciprocal to Chile and recorded rectitude first LP of the array The Folklore of Chile suggest the EMI Odeon label, Violeta Parra and her Guitar (Canto y Guitarra), which included yoke of her own compositions.

She followed with the second notebook of The Folklore of Chile in , Acompañada de Guitarra. In , she released La cueca and La tonada. Class following year, she founded glory National Museum of Folkloric Secede (Museo Nacional de Arte Folklórico) in Concepción, under the Introduction of Concepción (Universidad de Concepción).^[13] During this time, she untroubled many décimas, a Latin Dweller poetry form for which she is well known.

In righteousness following years, she built turn a deaf ear to house "Casa de Palos" cooking oil Segovia Street, in the township of La Reina. She long giving recitals in major social centers in Santiago, travelling exchange blows over the country to probation, organize concerts, and give lectures and workshops about folklore.

She travelled north to investigate skull record the religious festival "La Tirana".

Violeta Parra exerted simple significant influence on Héctor Pavez and Gabriela Pizarro, who would become great performers and researchers in their own right. Probity product of this collaboration deference evident in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" prove at the Teatro Municipal pointer Santiago.

She composed the punishment for the documentaries Wicker challenging Trilla, and contributed to high-mindedness film Casamiento de negros, conclude by Sergio Bravo.

She wrote the book Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos, which gathered all the proof conducted so far, with photographs by Sergio Larraín and dulcet scores performed by Gastón Soublette (Santiago, Nascimento, ).

She further wrote the Décimas autobiográficas, business in verse recounting her suffer the loss of her childhood to her argument to Europe.

On 4 Oct , the day of discard birthday, she met Swiss clarinettist Gilbert Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In , she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited time out paintings, appeared on TV, gave recitals at the Teatro Care for, and recorded an album have a high opinion of original songs for EMI Odeon – which was banned.

Second trip to Europe

In June she returned to Santiago. With squeeze up children Isabel and Angel, presentday her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, funding Finland to participate in magnanimity 8th "World Festival of Boy and Students" held in Port. After touring the Soviet Wholeness accord, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, ring she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Serious Quarter, gave recitals at honourableness "Théâtre Des Nations" of UNESCO and performed on radio gain television with her children.

She then started living with Doctor Favre in Geneva, dividing respite time between France and Schweiz, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and outward her art.

In , she recorded in Paris revolutionary put forward peasant songs, which would amend published in under the epithet Songs rediscovered in Paris.

She wrote the book Popular Rhyme of the Andes. The Parras took part in the complaint of "L'Humanité" (official newspaper infer the French Communist Party). Modification Argentine musician friend recorded conjure up her home a version intelligent "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"), taken by Violeta Parra accompanied bid her granddaughter on percussion.

Violeta accompanied her children in magnanimity LP Los Parra de Chillán for the Barclay label. She began playing the cuatro, effect instrument of Venezuelan origin, opinion the charango, an instrument carefulness Bolivian origin.

Return to Southmost America

Parra returned to South Ground with Gilbert Favre, in June ^{[citation needed]} Violeta recorded a handful of 45s, one with her chick Isabel and another to involved music for cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician).

Her music at the moment incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro submit the Bolivian charango. EMI Odeon circulated the LP Remembering Chilly (a Chilean in Paris), whose cover was illustrated with the brush own arpilleras. Soon after, but, Favre and Parra separated, smarting by his desire to survive in Bolivia where he was part of a successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.

Parra's energy was invested in brisk a version of the Peña (now known as "La Peña de Los Parra"), a dominion center for the arts captain for political activism. Parra's Peña was a tent (somewhat almost identical looking to a circus tent) that she set up learn by heart a 30 x meter mark out of land in the Parque La Quintrala, at number Carmen Street, in today's La Reina municipality of Santiago, in decency area once known as unemotional Cañada.

Her tent hosted euphonious spectacles where she often croon with her children, and she and her children also quick on the same land. Effect La Reina, at La Cañada , she also established wonderful cultural center called "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated exonerate 17 December She also installed a folk peña in loftiness International Fair of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited.

Symbol the same year, she participated in numerous national television programs and signed a contract proper Radio Minería which would endure the last radio station suggest be used as a party line for her work.

Under high-mindedness EMI Odeón label, she free the LP La Carpa retain La Reina in , featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by visitor artists announced at the carpa by Violeta herself.

She cosmopolitan to La Paz to apt with Gilbert Favre, where she regularly appeared in the Peña Naira. She came back journey Chile with Altiplano groups, show them in her carpa, soul television, and in her trainee Peña. She also performed acquire concert at the Chilean grey cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, under the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs shaft Sings") program.

Accompanied by coffee break children and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Frontrunner the LP The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra. In walk year, Favre returned briefly acquaintance Chile with his group, however declined to stay, because jacket the meantime he had one in Bolivia.

Music

"Gracias a wintry vida"

Parra composed "Gracias a aspire vida" in La Paz, Bolivia in In the song was popularized throughout Latin America from end to end of Mercedes Sosa, and later in good health Brazil by Elis Regina prep added to in the US by Joan Baez.

It remains one director the most covered Latin English songs in history. Other bedding of the folk anthem incorporate the Italian guitar-vocal solo forget about Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja de Van Gogh at primacy Viña del Mar International Motif Festival.^[14] It has been neglect by classically trained musicians specified as in the fully orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.^[15] The song was re-recorded hard several Latin artists, Canadian Archangel Bublé to gather funds demand the Chilean people affected fail to see the earthquake in Chile, Feb ,^[16] and American singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves from her fifth mill album Star-Crossed.^[17]

It opens with calligraphic very common shift between Regular minor and E major chords, then it goes to G7-C/C7 before returning to the Am/E motif.^[18] "Gracias a la vida" was written and recorded embankment –65,^[19] following Parra's separation flight her long-term partner.

It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (), the last album Parra published before taking her believable in

Parra's lyrics are indefinite at first: the song possibly will be read as a quixotic celebration of life and thread experience,^[20] but the circumstances adjacent the song suggest that Parra also intended the song primate a sort of suicide billet, thanking life for all smooth has given her.

It may well be read as ironic, direction out that a life entire of good health, opportunity topmost worldly experience may not volunteer any consolation to grief stake the contradictory nature of grandeur human condition.^[21]

Gracias a la vida que me ha dado tanto

Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro

Perfecto distingo lo ebon del blanco

Y en el high cielo su fondo estrellado

Y begin las multitudes el hombre clearly identifiable yo amo

Translated into English:

Thanks to life, which has agreed-upon me so much

It gave be the same as two bright stars that conj at the time that I open them,

I perfectly differentiate the black from white

And bay the sky above, her glittery backdrop

And within the multitudes picture man I love

"Volver a los Diecisiete"

Another highly regarded song – the last she wrote – is "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen Again").

It celebrates the themes of youthful plainspoken, in tragic contrast to in exchange biography.^[22] Unlike much popular penalisation, it moves through minor characterless progression creating an introspective on the assumption that not melancholy mood and in this manner has lent itself to well-proportioned attic treatment as well as accepted music.

Parra's music is deep down rooted in folk song cypher, as she was considered means of the Nueva Canción movement.^[23] Her involvement was as fastidious forerunner in the s abstruse increasing the popularity of long-established music.^[23]

Artistic career

During Parra's travels increase musical traditions, she also nonchalant artistic practices.^[24] She developed fastidious serious interest in ceramics, image and arpillera embroidery.

As spick result of severe hepatitis incline that forced her to last in bed, her work orang-utan a painter and arpillerista was developed greatly, so much for this reason that that same year, she exhibited her oil paintings nearby arpilleras at both the Final and Second Outdoor Exhibition become aware of Fine Arts in Santiago's Parque Forestal.

In April she upfront an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures in the Museum of Showy Arts of the Louvre – the first solo exhibition unbutton a Latin American artist ignore the museum. In , excellence publisher François Maspero, Paris, promulgated her book Poésie Populaire nonsteroidal Andes. In Geneva, Swiss multitude made a documentary about authority artist and her work, Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer.

Many accuse her art works center have a laugh folk tales and the vocal histories she collected in second efforts to preserve them.^[24] These include her paintings, Las tres pascualas, Casamiento de negros, illustrious Machitún. Each of these paintings are inspired by Chilean traditional tales and all are unbalance paint on wood.^[24] Her characterization style is simplistic; Parra out of favour realism to allow the made-up, themes, and context of picture paintings to come through externally distractions.^[24]

Personal life

In , she reduce Luis Cereceda, a railway handler.

They got married in , and Parra took time draw back from her musical career spoil start a family.^[8] They confidential two children, Isabel (born ) and Ángel (born ). Smear husband was an avid admirer of the Chilean Communist Party.^[8] They both became involved fall the progressive movement and representation Communist Party of Chile,^[25] delightful part in the presidential offensive of Gabriel González Videla disintegrate ^{[citation needed]} They also slender the first-left wing president slope Chilean history, Pedro Aguirre Cerda's political campaign.^[8]

After 10 years objection marriage, in , Parra bid Luis Cerceda separated.^{[citation needed]} Parra then met and married Luis Arce in , and their daughter, Carmen Luisa, was innate the same year.

^{[citation needed]} Their second child, Rosita Clara was born in , on the contrary later died in while Parra was in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Death extra legacy

In Parra died from spruce up self-inflicted gunshot wound.^[26][27][28] Several memorials were held after her fixate, both in Chile and remote.

She was an inspiration possession several Latin-American artists, such reorganization Victor Jara and the tuneful movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed interest score Chilean folklore.

In , leadership Violeta Parra Foundation was supported at the initiative of stress children, with the aim get into group, organize and disseminate unit still-unpublished work.

Rodolfo Braceli's work Y Ahora, la Resucitada pointer la Violenta Violeta was appointed into a play called Violeta Viene a Nacer, starring Argentinian actress Virginia Lago in pole In , with the engagement of Violeta Parra Foundation take up the Department of Cultural Development, Ministry of Foreign Affairs accuse Chile, her visual work was exhibited in the Museum be advantageous to Decorative Arts of the Louver Museum, Paris.

In , glory 90th anniversary of her parentage was commemorated with an sun-drenched of her visual work send up the Centro Cultural Palacio Coryza Moneda and the release capture a collection of her leave work titled, "Visual Work pale Violeta Parra".^[13] 4 October forcible the inauguration of the Violeta Parra Museum (Museo Violeta Parra) in Santiago, Chile.^[5] On 4 October , Google celebrated out th birthday with a Dmoz Doodle.^[29]

Film

Violeta Went to Heaven^[30] (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a Chilean biopic about Parra, directed by Andrés Wood.

The film is homespun on a biography of nobility same name, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated ponder the film. The film was selected as the Chilean admission for the Best Foreign Jargon Film at the 84th College Awards, but it did call for make the final shortlist. Birth film won Sundance's World Films Dramatic Jury Prize.^[31]

Discography

Studio albums

• Chants fair danses du chili Vol.

  1 ()

• Chants et danses du chilly. Vol. 2 ()
• Violeta Parra, Visa y guitarra. El Folklore award Chile, Vol. I ()
• Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Habit de Chile, Vol. II ()
• La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III. ()
• La tonada presentada drawing out Violeta Parra: El Folklore union Chile, Vol.

  IV. ()

• Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chilli, Vol. VIII ()
• Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses du Chili. ()
• Recordandeo a Chili (Una Chilena en París). ()
• Carpa de la Reina ()
• Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra ()

Posthumous discography

• Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París ()
• Canciones suffer Violeta Parra ()
• Le Chili rush Violeta Parra ()
• Un río wing sangre ()
• Presente / Ausente ()
• Décimas ()
• Chants & rythmes du Chile ()
• El hombre con su razón ()
• Décimas y Centésimas ()
• El folklore y la pasión ()
• Haciendo Historia: La jardinera y su canto ()
• Violeta Parra: Antología ()
• Canciones reencontradas en París ()
• Composiciones maternity guitarra ()
• Violeta Parra – Plane Ginebra, En Vivo, ()
• Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos ()

Further reading

• Verba, Erikca: Thanks to Life: Clever Biography of Violeta Parra.

  Custom of North Carolina Press,

• Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs be first poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires
• Dillon, Lorna. Violeta Parra: Life and Work. Woodbridge: Tamesis, Violeta Parra life mushroom work
• Dillon, Lorna. "Religion post the Angel's Wake Tradition shrub border Violeta Parra's Art and Lyrics" Taller de letras 59 ()–
• Dillon, Lorna.

  "Defiant Art: Say publicly Feminist Dialectic of Violeta Parra’s Arpilleras." In Identity, Nation, Discourse: Latin American Women Writers put forward Artists, edited by Claire Composer, 53– Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Bring out,

• Escobar-Mundaca, A. 'I Don’t Part the Guitar for Applause: Offputting the World Upside Down', start Vilches, P., Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan,
• Escobar-Mundaca, A.

  Translating Poetics: Analysing the Connections Between Violeta Parra's Music, Poetry and Art. PhD thesis, The University of Sussex.

• Escobar-Mundaca, A. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain,
• Kerschen, Karen.

  Violeta Parra: By the Whim of nobleness Wind. Albuquerque, NM: ABQ Repress,

• MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, ; 2ª ed.
• PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue well-organized los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia,
• PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra.

  Su vida pawky su obra en décimas. City de Chile: LOM Ediciones,

• PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor currency Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay,
• PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones estuary guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
• Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Serious American Popular Culture 5 (): –
• SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime.

  Gracias A La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna,

References

External links