Hans j morgenthau biography

Hans Morgenthau

American political scientist (1904–1980)

Hans Composer Morgenthau (February 17, 1904 – July 19, 1980) was orderly German-American jurist and political individual who was one of blue blood the gentry major 20th-century figures in probity study of international relations.

Morgenthau was born in Coburg, Frg in 1904. Morgenthau's works associated to the tradition of naturalism in international relations theory; be active is usually considered among righteousness most influential realists of honesty post-World War II period.[1] Morgenthau made landmark contributions to omnipresent relations theory and the learn about of international law.

His Politics Among Nations, first published arbitrate 1948, went through five editions during his lifetime and was widely adopted as a manual in U.S. universities. While Morgenthau emphasized the centrality of brutality and "the national interest," blue blood the gentry subtitle of Politics Among Nations—"the struggle for power and peace"—indicates his concern not only considerable the struggle for power on the contrary also with the ways suggestion which it is limited fail to notice ethical and legal norms.[2]

In counting to his books, Morgenthau wrote widely about international politics submit U.S.

foreign policy for general-circulation publications such as The Fresh Leader, Commentary, Worldview, The Recent York Review of Books slab The New Republic. He knew and corresponded with many thoroughgoing the leading intellectuals and writers of his era, such importation Reinhold Niebuhr,[3]George F.

Kennan,[4]Carl Schmitt[5] and Hannah Arendt.[6][7] At distinct point in the early Chill War, Morgenthau was a professional to the U.S. Department be in the region of State when Kennan headed neat Policy Planning Staff, as spasm as a second time on the Kennedy and Johnson administrations until he was dismissed inured to Johnson when he began be selected for publicly criticize American policy layer Vietnam.[8] For most of cap career, however, Morgenthau was reputable as an academic interpreter accord U.S.

foreign policy.[9]

Education, career, nearby personal life

Morgenthau was born preparation an Ashkenazi Jewish family mark out Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Frg in 1904. After attending greatness Casimirianum, he continued his breeding at the Universities of Songwriter, Frankfurt, and Munich.

He orthodox his doctorate in 1929 operate a thesis entitled International Jurisdiction: Its Nature and Limits, brook pursued postdoctoral work at goodness Geneva Graduate Institute, in Suisse.

He taught and practiced omission in Frankfurt before emigrating pressurize somebody into the United States in 1937, after several interim years play a role Switzerland and Spain.

One advance his first jobs in picture U.S. was teaching night faculty at Brooklyn College. From 1939 to 1943, Morgenthau taught suspend Kansas City and taught view Keneseth Israel Shalom Congregation there.[10] Morgenthau then was a academician at the University of City until 1973, when he took a professorial chair at representation City College of New Royalty.

In the early 1950s, Morgenthau was a visiting professor pseudo Harvard, teaching a graduate seminar; at that time he reduction Henry Kissinger, who was running diggings on his dissertation.[11]

Morgenthau was nourish elected member of the Dweller Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.[12][13]

On moving to New York, Morgenthau separated from his wife, who remained in Chicago partly for of medical issues.

He enquiry reported to have tried save for initiate plans to start swell new relationship while in Newborn York, with Ethel Person (d. 2012), a psychiatrist at River University.[14]

On October 8, 1979, Morgenthau was one of the vehicles barter on board Swissair Flight 316, which crashed while trying on hand land at Athens-Ellinikon International Airport.[15] The flight had been approaching for Bombay and Peking.

Morgenthau died on July 19, 1980, shortly after being admitted get rid of Lenox Hill Hospital in Additional York with a perforated ulcer.[16] He is buried in magnanimity Chabad section of Montefiore Cemetery,[17] in proximity to the Lubavitcher Rebbe, with whom he esoteric a respectful relationship.[18]

European years dowel functional jurisprudence

Morgenthau completed his student dissertation in Germany in integrity late 1920s.

It was in print in 1929 as his lid book, The International Administration forfeited Justice, Its Essence and Wellfitting Limits.[19] The book was reviewed by Carl Schmitt, who was then a jurist teaching at the same height the University of Berlin. Quick-witted an autobiographical essay written nearby the end of his plainspoken, Morgenthau related that, although oversight had looked forward to hearing Schmitt during a visit focus on Berlin, the meeting went viciously and Morgenthau left thinking make certain he had been in leadership presence of (in his hold words) "the demonic".[20] By illustriousness late 1920s Schmitt was convenient the leading jurist of depiction rising Nazi movement in Deutschland, and Morgenthau came to model their positions as irreconcilable.

(The editors of Morgenthau's The Thought of the Political [see below] state that "the reader lecture [Morgenthau's] The Concept of integrity Political ... will easily receive that Morgenthau deplored Schmitt's judgment of the political on pure grounds and conceptual grounds.")[21]

Following righteousness completion of his doctoral talk, Morgenthau left Germany to culminate his Habilitation dissertation (license jab teach at universities) in Geneve.

It was published in Gallic as La Réalité des normes en particulier des normes fall to bits droit international: Fondements d'une théorie des normes (The Reality short vacation Norms and in Particular nobleness Norms of International Law: Framework of a Theory of Norms). It has not been translated into English.[22] The legal expert Hans Kelsen, who had fair-minded arrived in Geneva as spruce professor, was an adviser unity Morgenthau's dissertation.

Kelsen was centre of the strongest critics of Carl Schmitt.[23] Kelsen and Morgenthau became lifelong colleagues even after both emigrated from Europe to embark upon academic positions in the Allied States.[24][25]

In 1933, Morgenthau published unblended second book in French, La notion du "politique",[26] which was translated into English and in print in 2012 as The Doctrine of the Political.[27] In that book Morgenthau seeks to speaking the difference between legal disputes between nations and political disputes between nations or other litigants.

The questions driving the subject are: (i) Who holds canonical power over the objects twist concerns being disputed? (ii) Put in what manner can the purse of this legal power cast doubt on changed or held accountable? (iii) How can a dispute, leadership object of which concerns uncomplicated legal power, be resolved?

take precedence (iv) In what manner testament choice the holder of the permissible power be protected in loftiness course of exercising that power? For Morgenthau, the end objective of any legal system misrepresent this context is to "ensure justice and peace".

In tiara work in the 1920s lecture 1930s, Morgenthau sought a "functional jurisprudence," an alternative to mainstream international law.

He borrowed burden from Sigmund Freud,[28]Max Weber, Automatic Pound, and others. In 1940 Morgenthau set out a trial program for legal functionalism break through the article "Positivism, Functionalism, stomach International Law".[29]

Francis Boyle has fated that Morgenthau's post-war writings conceivably contributed to a "break halfway international political science and worldwide legal studies."[30] However, Politics Middle Nations contains a chapter composition international law, and Morgenthau remained an active contributor to representation subject of the relationship in the middle of international politics and international omission until the end of diadem career.[31]

American years and political realism

Hans Morgenthau is considered one discern the "founding fathers" of influence realist school in the Twentieth century.

This school of design holds that nation-states are authority main actors in international communications and that the main complication of the field is class study of power. Morgenthau emphasised the importance of "the tribal interest," and in Politics Mid Nations he wrote that "the main signpost that helps partisan realism to find its lessen through the landscape of general politics is the concept observe interest defined in terms concede power." Morgenthau is sometimes referred to as a classical zoologist factualist or modern realist in control to differentiate his approach chomp through the structural realism or neo-realism associated with Kenneth Waltz.[32] Virgin scholarly assessments of Morgenthau puton that his intellectual trajectory was more complicated than originally thought.[33][34] His realism was infused tweak moral considerations—though not always recognized as such—and during the at the end part of his life do something favored supranational control of atomic weapons and strongly opposed dignity U.S.

role in the Annam War (see below).[35]

Realism and Politics Among Nations (1948)

Morgenthau's Scientific Chap versus Power Politics (1946) argued against an overreliance on body of knowledge and technology as solutions within spitting distance political and social problems.

Rectitude book presented a "pessimistic deem of human nature"[36] centered sect a universal lust for competence and the inevitability of selfishness.[37]Scientific Man versus Power Politics likewise argued that, in Robert Jervis's words, "much of modern Liberalism fails to understand the random nature of its own knowledge."[38]

Starting with the second edition intelligent Politics Among Nations, Morgenthau be a factor a section in the establishment chapter called "Six Principles call up Political Realism".[39]

The principles, paraphrased, are:

  1. Political realism believes that government, like society in general, report governed by objective laws dump have their roots in person nature.[40][41]
  2. The main signpost of public realism is the concept demonstration interest defined in terms state under oath power, which infuses rational control into the subject matter pick up the check politics, and thus makes authority theoretical understanding of politics possible.[42] Political realism avoids concerns look after the motives and ideology take in statesmen.

    Political realism avoids reinterpreting reality to fit the action. A good foreign policy minimizes risks and maximizes benefits.

  3. Realism recognizes that the determining kind stop interest varies depending on grandeur political and cultural context lessening which foreign policy is forced. It does not give "interest defined as power" a sense that is fixed once obscure for all.
  4. Political realism is be conscious of of the moral significance firm political action.

    It is as well aware of the tension in the middle of the moral command and character requirements of successful political activity. Realism maintains that universal good principles must be filtered tradition the concrete circumstances of repulse and place, because they cannot be applied to the exploits of states in their metaphysical universal formulation.[43]

  5. Political realism refuses retain identify the moral aspirations staff a particular nation with honourableness moral laws that govern depiction universe.[44]
  6. The political realist maintains say publicly autonomy of the political sphere; the statesman asks "How does this policy affect the faculty and interests of the nation?" Political realism is based inconsequentiality a pluralistic conception of mortal nature.

    The political realist obligated to show where the nation's interests differ from the moralistic plus legalistic viewpoints.

Morgenthau argued in Politics Among Nations that skillful discretion drawing on these principles could lead to stability via dignity balance of power. He wrote that "the balance of extend and policies aiming at tight preservation are not only immutable, but an essential stabilizing border in a society of potentate nations."[45] (For further discussion, predict section on Criticism, below.)

In practice, however, countries "actively affianced in the struggle for strength of character must actually aim not renounce a balance -- that evolution, equality -- of power, on the contrary at superiority of power monitor their own behalf," Morgenthau wrote.[46] The reason is partly become absent-minded the relative strength of countries can be difficult to approximate, since key elements of public power, such as "the property of government," are elusive cope with frequently change.[47] Because "no method can foresee how large disloyalty miscalculations will turn out extract be, all nations must one of these days seek the maximum of motivating force obtainable under the circumstances.

thus can they hope engender a feeling of attain the maximum margin have possession of safety commensurate with the greatest of errors they might commit."[48]

Center for the Study of English Foreign and Military Policy

In loftiness 1950s, Morgenthau directed the Institution of Chicago’s Center for high-mindedness Study of American Foreign alight Military Policy.

Among other eccentric, he sought to rebuild description center’s resources on “China Studies,” after many experts on description country had been publicly shamed during the Second Red Dismay. Morgenthau approached Chinese immigrant stream political scientist Tsou Tang run into explore the Sino-American relationship put into practice both American and Chinese money.

Morgenthau trusted Tsou, having served on Tsou's committees for diadem master's and PhD theses. Tsou's 1963 book, America’s Failure set a date for China, 1941-50, drew upon rule research at the center.[49]

1955: "Dual state" theory

In a 1955 like chalk and cheese in the Bulletin of dignity Atomic Scientists, Morgenthau quoted remnants speaking about a "dual state" existing in the United States: the democratic façade of select politicians who operate according around the law, and a unnoticed national security hierarchy and dimness government that operates to domination and control the former.[50][51][52] That has been said to make ends meet the origin of the impression of a deep state compact the United States.[53]

Dissent on character Vietnam War

Morgenthau was a tart supporter of the Roosevelt cranium Truman administrations.[54] When the Ike administration gained the White Homestead, Morgenthau turned his efforts regard a large amount of verbal skill for journals and the test in general.

By the time and again of Kennedy's inauguration in 1961, he had become a buff to the Kennedy administration. Associate Johnson became president, Morgenthau became much more vocal in tiara dissent concerning American participation gradient the Vietnam War,[55] for which he was dismissed as ingenious consultant to the Johnson governance in 1965.[8] Morgenthau sparred disconnect Johnson's advisors McGeorge Bundy[56] shaft Walt Rostow.[57] Morgenthau's dissent towards American involvement in Vietnam, which he viewed mainly as trig civil war whose "global significance" was "remote,"[58] brought him appreciable public and media attention.

On 21 June 1965, Morgenthau debated Bundy live on television do up the title Vietnam Dialogue: Sector. Bundy and the Professors meet Eric Sevareid as the moderator.[59] During the debate, Bundy culprit Morgenthau of being a pessimist and pessimist, citing his 1961 statement that the Pathet Asian were destined to win rectitude Lao civil war, leading Morgenthau to reply: "I may maintain been dead wrong on Laos, but it doesn't mean Wild am dead wrong on Vietnam."[60] Bundy then brought up neat statement Morgenthau made in 1956, praising President Diem of Southern Vietnam for creating a "miracle." The American journalist A.J.

Langguth wrote that Bundy's point was irrelevant as Diem had back number assassinated in 1963, but Bundy made it sound as on condition that Morgenthau was opportunistic and inconsistent.[60] Bundy was generally regarded introduction having won the debate dampen viewers at the time.[60]

In these years Morgenthau continued to compose prolifically, publishing a three-volume gleaning of his essays in 1962.[61]

American years after 1965

Starting in 1960, Morgenthau became increasingly concerned mess up the revolutionary implications of thermonuclear weapons and the possibility be fitting of nuclear war, which he serviced would be a moral disaster of an unprecedented kind.[62] Unwind remarked in the journal Christianity and Crisis that "no specified radical qualitative transformation of righteousness structure of international relations has ever occurred in history."[63] One-time in the 1950s and before, Morgenthau had tended to drive home, in William Scheuerman's words, "the continuities of human history," wreath recognition of the radical freshness of nuclear weapons led, steer clear of the early 1960s onward, bear out a stress on discontinuity, importation represented by the possibility illustrate a civilization-ending nuclear conflict.[64] Morgenthau's views on this issue were influenced by Karl Jaspers' The Future of Mankind, which significant reviewed in 1961 for Saturday Review.[65]

After 1965, Morgenthau became span leading voice in the incontrovertible of just war theory top the modern nuclear era.[66] Impartial war theory was further smart in the work of Missionary Ramsey, Michael Walzer, Jeff McMahan, and other scholars.

Morgenthau's hard-cover Truth and Power, published inconvenience 1970, collected his essays outsider the previous decade dealing pick up both foreign policy, including Warfare, and U.S. domestic politics, e.g. the civil rights movement. Morgenthau dedicated the book to Hans Kelsen, "who has taught building block through his example how belong speak Truth to Power." Morgenthau's last major book, Science: Menial or Master, was dedicated willing his colleague Reinhold Niebuhr move published in 1972.[67]

In summer 1978, Morgenthau wrote his last co-authored essay titled "The Roots take up Narcissism," with Ethel Person admonishment Columbia University.[68] This essay was a continuation of Morgenthau's previously study of this subject check his 1962 essay "Public Affairs: Love and Power," where Morgenthau engaged some of the themes that Niebuhr and the theologiser Paul Tillich were addressing.[69] Morgenthau admired Tillich's book Love, Administrate and Justice, and he wrote a second essay related pull out the book's themes.[70] More of late, Anthony Lang has recovered slab published Morgenthau's extensive course log on Aristotle (for a way Morgenthau taught while at excellence New School for Social Enquiry during his New York years).[71] The comparison of Morgenthau withstand Aristotle has been further explored by Molloy.[72]

Morgenthau was a stubborn reviewer of books during decency several decades of his vitality as a scholar in rendering United States.

He wrote essentially a hundred book reviews, inclusive of almost three dozen for The New York Review of Books alone. Morgenthau's last two volume reviews were not written endorse The New York Review brake Books and were of honourableness books Soviet Perspectives on Global Relations, 1956–1967, by William Zimmerman[73] and Work, Society and Culture by Yves Simon.[74] The remain book review Morgenthau wrote reserve The New York Review ad infinitum Books appeared in 1971.[75] Morgenthau's first book review, written embankment 1940, was of Law, depiction State, and the International Community, by James Brown Scott.[76] Morgenthau also commented on the Bureaucratism Papers.[77]

Like Hannah Arendt, Morgenthau effusive time and effort to rectitude support of the state understanding Israel.[78] Both Morgenthau and Historian made annual trips to Country to lend their established collegiate voices to its still countrified and growing academic community by its inaugural decades as ingenious new nation.[79] Morgenthau's interest newest Israel also extended to honourableness Middle East[80] more generally,[81] inclusive of the politics of oil.[82] Morgenthau's interest in Israel extended new to the job to related issues of geopolitics, and issues related to Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.[83]

Morgenthau remained throughout the Cold War nickelanddime active participant in the wrangle over of U.S.

foreign policy. Purify wrote in this connection look at Henry Kissinger and his segregate in the Nixon administration.[84] Connect a 1975 essay, Morgenthau criticized Kissinger's approach toward internal mel in the Third World, strife that the root of "instability" was not "Communist subversion" however popular dissatisfaction with the significance quo.

A foreign policy delay failed to recognize this could lead to the support emancipation "tyranny," Morgenthau wrote: "[I]n proscribe essentially unstable world, tyranny becomes the last resort of organized policy committed to stability household the last resort."[85] Morgenthau mediate 1977 also wrote a mini "Foreword" on the theme get through terrorism as it began make somebody's acquaintance emerge in the 1970s.[86] Restrict addition to addressing current bureaucratic issues, Morgenthau also wrote come to pass the philosophy of democratic theory[87] when faced with situations preceding crisis or tension.[88]

Criticism

The reception hegemony Morgenthau's work can be separated into three phases.

The primary phase occurred during Morgenthau's animation up to his death retort 1980. The second phase was between 1980 and the put the finishing touches to hundred year commemoration of authority birth that took place timely 2004. The third phase chief the reception of his letters is between the centenary ceremonial and the present, which shows a vibrant discussion of coronate continuing influence.

Criticism during Continent years

In Morgenthau's early career, rendering book review of his allocution by Carl Schmitt had a- lasting and negative effect sect Morgenthau. Schmitt had become skilful leading juristic voice for excellence rising Nazi movement in Deutschland, and Morgenthau came to give onto their positions as incommensurable, conj albeit it has been argued focus Schmitt and Morgenthau engaged interject a "hidden dialogue" in which they influenced each other.[89] Morgenthau subsequently met Hans Kelsen handy Geneva while a student, captain Kelsen's treatment of Morgenthau's publicity left a lifelong positive idea upon the young Morgenthau.

Kelsen in the 1920s had emerged as Schmitt's most thorough connoisseur and had earned a reliable as a leading international connoisseur of the then rising Genealogical Socialist movement in Germany, which matched Morgenthau's own negative point of view of Nazism.

Criticism during Land years

While Morgenthau's Politics Among Nations had a large influence representation a generation of scholars undecorated global politics and international injure, Morgenthau's views did not uproar unchallenged.

On the one devote, some critics rejected the prime premises of Morgenthau's realist viewpoint. On the other hand, despicable theorists working within a botanist framework, such as Kenneth Walk-in and John Mearsheimer, took barrage with aspects of Morgenthau's access even while sharing some fall foul of his basic assumptions.

In cap Theory of International Politics (1979), Kenneth Waltz urged more control to purely "structural" elements fall foul of the international system, especially greatness distribution of capabilities among states.[90] Waltz's neorealism was more self-consciously scientific than Morgenthau's version be advantageous to realism.[91] Waltz argued that balances of power recurrently form like it or not states intend lose concentration result.[92] Waltz criticized Morgenthau misunderstand seeing the maintenance of efficient balance of power as dispassionate on states' motives and intentional aims, leading to what Victory called a "distortion" of balance-of-power theory.[93]

In contrast to Waltz's "defensive" realism, John Mearsheimer presented neat theory of "offensive realism" rivet The Tragedy of Great Difficulty Politics (2001).

Mearsheimer agreed additional Morgenthau that states seek be acquainted with maximize their relative power on the contrary disagreed about the cause: off one\'s feed in view of the fact that Morgenthau posited, in Mearsheimer's paragraph, "a will to power connate in every state," Mearsheimer argued that the "anarchical" character place the international system pushes states to acquire as much sketchiness as possible to maximize their chances of survival.[94]

Another area receive criticism concerned Morgenthau's treatment fine the concept of the formal interest.

One scholar has recommended that Morgenthau erred in grade that "the 'rational core love the national interest' can background ascertained by objective analysis."[95] Current this account, "the concept appeal to the national interest simply cannot bear the weight Morgenthau appointed to it."[96]

Morgenthau's concept of government itself has been seen, submit least by some writers, makeover a firmer basis for realm position.

While Morgenthau viewed political science as a struggle for summit, he also viewed it gorilla a struggle conducted by explicit means and within certain confines. From this perspective, Morgenthau's dividing line between political power and force power represented an effort "to insulate" the properly political people "from the intrusion of corporeal violence and domination."[97]

The conceptual differentiation between political and military selfcontrol may not always have false Morgenthau's views on specific scheme issues, but it probably upfront so in the case be successful nuclear weapons.

His concern fumble nuclear weapons and the campaigning race [98] led to discussions and debates with Henry Diplomat and others.[99] Morgenthau saw indefinite aspects of the nuclear munition race as a form slow irrationality requiring the attention get the message responsible diplomats, statesmen, and scholars.[100] However, Morgenthau's view that deft world state would be fixed to solve the problem personal nuclear weapons is in traction with the skepticism about wide governance that his realist vantage point implies.

Criticism of Morgenthau's legacy

Christoph Frei's intellectual biography of Morgenthau, published in English translation improvement 2001 (from the earlier Germanic edition)[101] was one of glory first of many substantial publications about Morgenthau in the 2000s.

Christoph Rohde published a memoirs of Morgenthau in 2004, even available only in German.[102] Too around 2004, commemorative volumes were published on the occasion admit the centenary of Morgenthau's birth.[103]

John Mearsheimer of the University surrounding Chicago has contrasted Morgenthau's governmental realism to the neo-conservativism prevalent during the Bush administration coop up the context of the 2003 Iraq War.[104] Morgenthau saw high-mindedness ethical and moral component signal international politics as an all part of the reasoning dispute of the international statesman bid the essential content of firm scholarship in international relations.[105] Scholars continue to explore various aspects of Morgenthau's thought, as superior as his place in bearing to twentieth-century intellectual currents skull the disciplinary history of administrative science and international relations.

Selected works

  • Scientific Man versus Power Politics (1946) Chicago, Illinois: University slap Chicago Press.
  • Politics Among Nations: Ethics Struggle for Power and Peace (1948, and subsequent editions) Unique York New York Alfred Top-notch. Knopf.
  • In Defense of the Folk Interest (1951) New York, Spanking York: Alfred A.

    Knopf.

  • The Aim of American Politics (1960) New-found York, New York: Alfred Copperplate. Knopf.
  • Crossroad Papers: A Look Affect the American Future (ed.) (1965) New York, New York: Norton.
  • Truth and Power: Essays of undiluted Decade, 1960–70 (1970) New Dynasty, New York: Praeger.
  • Essays on Lincoln's Faith and Politics.

    (1983) Lanham, Maryland: Univ. Press of Earth for the Miller Center good deal Public Affairs at the Code of practice of Virginia. Co-published with unadorned separate text by David Hein.

  • The Concept of the Political (2012; original 1933) Intro. by About. Behr and F. Roesch. Translated by M. Vidal. Palgrave Macmillan.

For a complete list of Morgenthau's writings, see "The Hans List.

Morgenthau Page" at Google Sites.[106]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^Specter, Matthew (2022). The Ocean Realists: Empire and International Civil Thought Between Germany and picture United States. Stanford University Squeeze. ISBN .
  2. ^H.

    Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, 4th edition (Knopf, 1967), phase 15.

  3. ^Daniel Rice, Reinhold Niebuhr become peaceful His Circle of Influence (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013), chapter imagination Hans Morgenthau.
  4. ^Daniel Rice, Reinhold Historian and His Circle of Influence, chapter on George Kennan.
  5. ^Scheuerman, William E.

    (2006-09-22). "Carl Schmitt talented Hans Morgenthau: Realism and Beyond".

  6. ^Douglas Klusmeyer, "Beyond Tragedy: Hannah Philosopher and Hans Morgenthau on Clause, Evil and Political Ethics," International Studies Review 11, number 2 (2009): pages 332–351.
  7. ^Rösch, Felix (2013-11-01).

    "Realism as social criticism: High-mindedness thinking partnership of Hannah Philosopher and Hans Morgenthau"(PDF). International Politics. 50 (6): 815–829. doi:10.1057/ip.2013.32. ISSN 1384-5748. S2CID 143185901.

  8. ^ abZambernardi, L.

    (2011). "The Impotence of Power: Morgenthau's Description of American Intervention in Vietnam". Review of International Studies. 37 (3): 1335–1356. doi:10.1017/S0260210510001531. S2CID 145583770.

  9. ^See e.g. Hans Morgenthau, In Defense cosy up the National Interest: A Carping Examination of American Foreign Policy, with a new introduction via Kenneth W.

    Thompson (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982).

  10. ^Hartmut Behr and Felix Roesch, beginning. to Hans Morgenthau, The Thought of the Political, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, page 13.
  11. ^Barry Gewen, The Inevitability of Tragedy: Henry Diplomat and His World, W.W. Norton, 2020, page 229.
  12. ^"Hans Joachim Morgenthau".

    American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-11-21.

  13. ^"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  14. ^G. O. Mazur, ed. One Hundred Year Reminiscence to the Life of Hans Morgenthau. New York: Semenenko, 2004.
  15. ^Small amount of plutonium missing deseed crashed jet
  16. ^"Hans Morgenthau dies; eminent political scientist".

    The Telegraph, July 21, 1980.

  17. ^"Research Results".
  18. ^""Diamonds of influence Rebbe" by Mordechai Staiman".
  19. ^Morgenthau, Hans. Die internationale Rechtspflege, ihr Wesen und ihre Grenzen, in rendering Frankfurter Abhandlungen zum Kriegsverhütungsrecht hard-cover series (Leipzig: Universitätsverlag Noske, 1929), still untranslated into English.
  20. ^"Fragment break into an Intellectual Autobiography: 1904–1932," steadily Kenneth W.

    Thompson and Parliamentarian J. Myers, eds., Truth standing Tragedy: A Tribute to Hans J. Morgenthau (New Brunswick: Step Books, 1984).

  21. ^Behr and Roesch, Introduction. to Hans Morgenthau, The Idea of the Political, trans Lot. Vidal, page 19. For unblended different view of the relationship between Morgenthau's ideas and Schmitt's, see, e.g., W.

    Scheuerman, "Carl Schmitt and Hans Morgenthau: Naturalism and Beyond" (see note 3).

  22. ^Morgenthau, Hans. La Réalité des normes en particulier des normes defence droit international: Fondements d'une théorie des normes (Paris: Alcan, 1934).
  23. ^The complete set of the editorial published in the debate among Kelsen and Schmitt during honesty 1930s has been collected impervious to Lars Vinx and published mass Cambridge University Press in Reliably translation in 2015.

    The Dear of the Constitution: Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt on representation Limits of Constitutional Law. City Studies in Constitutional Law, Panel Number 12, ed. Lars Vinx, 2015.

  24. ^Olechowski, Thomas (2021). Hans Kelsen. Biographie eines Rechtswissenschaftlers (2 ed.). Vienna: Mohr Siebeck.

    pp. 586, 841.

  25. ^Jütersonke, Jazzman (2022). "Kelsen and Morgenthau occupy America: Between Legal Philosophy tell off International Politics". Austrian Journal sum Political Science. 51: 72.
  26. ^Schuman, Town L. (1935). "Review of Power point notion du "politique" et protocol theorie des differends internationaux".

    American Journal of Sociology. 40 (4): 532. doi:10.1086/216842. ISSN 0002-9602. JSTOR 2768571.

  27. ^Morgenthau, Hans (2012). The Concept of birth Political, Palgrave Macmillan.
  28. ^Schuett, Robert. "Freudian Roots of Political Realism: Grandeur Importance of Sigmund Freud determination Hans J.

    Morgenthau's Theory capture International Power Politics." History portend the Human Sciences 20, crowd 4 (2007): pages 53–78.

  29. ^Morgenthau, Hans J., "Positivism, Functionalism, and Intercontinental Law," American Journal of General Law, volume 34, 2 (1940): pages 260–284
  30. ^Francis Boyle, World Government and International Law, page 12
  31. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1974).

    "International Law take precedence International Politics: An Easy Partnership," Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the American Society incessantly International Law (1974), pages 331–334.

  32. ^Cf. Jack Donnelly, Realism and Global Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pages 11–12, though he prefers the label "biological realist" eyeball "classical realist".

    For an rationale that the differences between exemplary and structural realists have back number exaggerated, see Parent, Joseph M.; Baron, Joshua M. (2011). "Elder Abuse: How the Moderns Ill-use Classical Realism". International Studies Review. 13 (2): 192–213. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01021.x.

  33. ^William House.

    Scheuerman, Hans Morgenthau: Realism squeeze Beyond (Polity Press, 2009); Archangel C. Williams, ed., Reconsidering Realism: The Legacy of Hans Tabulate. Morgenthau (Oxford Univ. Press, 2007); Christoph Frei, Hans J. Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography (LSU Thrust, 2001).

  34. ^Karkour, Haro; Rösch, Felix (2024-04-17).

    "Toward IR's "Fifth Debate": Racial Justice and the Genetic Interest in Classical Realism". International Studies Review. 26 (2). doi:10.1093/isr/viae030. ISSN 1521-9488.

  35. ^E.g.: Hans J. Morgenthau, "We Are Deluding Ourselves in Viet-Nam", New York Times Magazine, Apr 18, 1965, reprinted in The Viet-Nam Reader, ed.

    M. Raskin and B. Fall (Vintage Books, 1967), pages 37–45.

  36. ^Michael J. Sculptor, Realist Thought from Weber command somebody to Kissinger (LSU Press, 1986), let 137.
  37. ^Smith, Realist Thought from Wb to Kissinger, page 136.
  38. ^Robert Jervis, "Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and position Scientific Study of International Politics," Social Research volume 61, digit 4 (Winter 1994), page 863.
  39. ^Hans J.

    Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power roost PeaceArchived 2020-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, Fifth Edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978, pages 4–15.

  40. ^Russell, Greg. Hans J. Morgenthau and the Ethics of Land Statecraft. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Refurbish University Press, 1990.
  41. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1974).

    "Macht und Ohnmacht des Menschen in technischen Zeitalter," in Oskar Schatz, Hrsg., Was wird aus dem Menschen? Analysen und Warnungen bedeutender Denker (Graz: Verlag Styria, 1974) [in HJMP, Container Pollex all thumbs butte. 175].

  42. ^Rösch, Felix (2014). "Pouvoir, influence, and politics: Hans Morgenthau's ism concept of power?".

    Review a choice of International Studies. 40 (2): 349–365. doi:10.1017/S0260210513000065. ISSN 0260-2105. S2CID 143514064.

  43. ^Cozette, Murielle. "Reclaiming the Critical Dimension of Realism: Hans J. Morgenthau on picture Ethics of Scholarship." Review quite a lot of International Studies 34 (2008): pages 5–27.
  44. ^Murray, A.

    J. H. "The Moral Politics of Hans Morgenthau." The Review of Politics 58, number 1 (1996): pages 81–107.

  45. ^H. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, tempt quoted in Smith, Realist Solution from Weber to Kissinger, fiasco 144.
  46. ^H. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, 4th edition (Knopf, 1967), period 202.
  47. ^Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, Ordinal edition, page 198.
  48. ^Morgenthau, Politics Mid Nations, 4th edition, page 202.
  49. ^Liu, Qing (May 2020).

    "To Subsist an Apolitical Political Scientist: Capital Chinese Immigrant Scholar and (Geo)politicized American Higher Education". History blond Education Quarterly. 60 (2): 129–130, 143–147. doi:10.1017/heq.2020.10. S2CID 225899443.

  50. ^Morgenthau, Hans J.; Kennan, George F.

    (1 Apr 1955). "The Impact of authority Loyalty-Security Measures on the Circumstances Department". Bulletin of the Insignificant Scientists. 11 (4): 134–140. Bibcode:1955BuAtS..11d.134M. doi:10.1080/00963402.1955.11453586. ISSN 0096-3402.

  51. ^Tunander, Ola (2012). "Dual State: The Case of Sweden".

    In Wilson, Eric (ed.). The Dual State. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315615707. ISBN .

  52. ^Wilson, Eric; Lindsey, Tim (2009). Government of the Shadows: Parapolitics elitist Criminal Sovereignty. Pluto Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p870.
  53. ^Curtis, Adam (16 October 2020).

    "Is QAnon a game gone wrong?". FT Film. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 15 February 2022.

  54. ^Scheuerman, William E. "Realism and the Left: The Case of Hans Count. Morgenthau." Review of International Studies 34 (2008): pages 29–51.
  55. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1973).

    "The Lessons of Vietnam," in John H. Gilbert, ed., The New Era in Dweller Foreign Policy (New York: Graze Martin's Press, 1973); Morgenthau, Hans (1975). "The Intellectual, Political, careful Moral Roots of U. Savage. Failure in Vietnam," in William D. Coplin and Charles Sensitive. Kegley, Jr., eds., Analyzing General Relations: A Multimethod Introduction (New York: Praeger, 1975); Morgenthau, Hans (1975).

    "The Real Issue in the vicinity of the U.S. in Cambodia," Rectitude New Leader, volume 58, of no importance 6 (March 17, 1975), pages 4–6.

  56. ^Gordon Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Trace to War in Vietnam, 2009; Kai Bird, The Color close Truth: McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy: Brothers in Arms, Saint and Schuster, 2000.
  57. ^David Milne, America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and dignity Vietnam War, Hill and Wang, 2008, page 153.
  58. ^H.

    Morgenthau, Truth and Power: Essays of neat Decade, 1960-70, page 408.

  59. ^A.J. Langguth, Our Vietnam, Simon and Schuster, 2000, page 368.
  60. ^ abcLangguth, Our Vietnam, p.368.
  61. ^Hans Morgenthau, Politics effect the Twentieth Century (Chicago: Institute of Chicago Press, 1962), book 1 The Decline of Republican Politics, volume 2 The Deadlock of American Foreign Policy, bulk 3 The Restoration of Indweller Politics.
  62. ^See W.

    E. Scheuerman, Hans Morgenthau: Realism and Beyond, pages 142ff.

  63. ^Quoted in Scheuerman, Hans Morgenthau, page 143.
  64. ^Scheuerman, Hans Morgenthau, malfunction 143.
  65. ^Scheuerman, Hans Morgenthau, page 146.
  66. ^E.g., Hans Morgenthau, "Vietnam and Cambodia" (exchange with Noam Chomsky gleam Michael Walzer) Dissent, volume 25 (Fall 1978), pages 386–391.
  67. ^Hans Morgenthau, Science: Servant or Master? (New York: New American Library, 1972).
  68. ^Hans Morgenthau and Ethel Person (1978).

    "The Roots of Narcissism," The Partisan Review, pages 337–347, Summertime 1978.

  69. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1962). "Public Affairs: Love and Power," Commentary 33:3 (March 1962): page 248.
  70. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1974). "Justice and Power," Community Research, volume 41, number 1 (Spring 1974), pages 163–175.
  71. ^Lang, Suffragist F., Jr., ed.

    Political Intention and International Affairs: Hans Itemize. Morgenthau on Aristotle's The Politics. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2004.

  72. ^Molloy, Sean. "Aristotle, Epicurus, Morgenthau and description Political Ethics of the Contributory Evil." Journal of International Civic Theory 5 (2009): pages 94–112.
  73. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1971).

    "Review of Book: Soviet Perspectives on International Relationships, 1956–1967, by William Zimmerman," Political Science Quarterly, volume 86, crowd 4 (December 1971), pages 675–676,

  74. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1974). "Review of Book: Work, Society and Culture be oblivious to Yves Simon," The Annals oppress the American Academy of Administrative and Social Science, volume 411 (January 1974), page 229.
  75. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1971).

    "Wild Bunch", The Another York Review of Books, 16 (February 11, 1971), pages 38–41 (review of: Naïve Questions plod Peace and War, by William Whitworth; The Tuesday Cabinet, timorous Henry F. Graff; Alliance Politics, by Richard E. Neustadt; Alternative to Armageddon, by Colonel Reverend W. Yale, Gen.

    I. Return. White, and Gen. Hasso Bond. von Manteuffel; Militarism, U. Harsh. A., by Colonel James Spruce. Donovan.)

  76. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1940). "Review go in for Book: Law, the State, point of view the International Community, by Book Brown Scott," Political Science Trimonthly, volume 55, number 2 (June 1940), pages 261–262.
  77. ^Morgenthau, Hans (1972).

    "The National Interest and justness Pentagon Papers" (Exchange with Noam Chomsky), Partisan Review, volume 39, number 3 (Summer 1972), pages 336–375.

  78. ^Hans Morgenthau, "The Geopolitics mean Israel's Survival," The New Leader, volume 56, issue 25 (December 24, 1973), pages 4–6.
  79. ^"Address Pardon by Professor Hans Morgenthau extra the Inauguration Ceremony of rendering Reuben Hecht Chair of Policy Studies at the University mean Haifa," (May 13, 1975) Holograph in HJMP, Container No.

    175.

  80. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Facing Mideast Realities," The New Leader, volume 61, negligible 9 (April 24, 1978), pages 4–6.
  81. ^"Daniel Berrigan and Hans Morgenthau Discuss the Moral Dilemma lure the Middle East," Progressive, notebook 28 (March 1974), pages 31–34; Hans Morgenthau, "Israel's Future," Relinquish with Daniel J.

    Berrigan, immediately as a Segment of WHET/13's "The 51st State" (January 1974) MS in HJMP, Container Thumb. 175.

  82. ^Hans Morgenthau, "World Politics humbling the Politics of Oil," enclose Gary Eppen, ed., Energy: Integrity Policy Issues (Chicago: University fail Chicago Press, 1975).
  83. ^Hans Morgenthau, "On Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov," (Exchange with Thespian Salisbury) War/Peace Report, volume 13 (October 1974), pages 7–13.
  84. ^Hans Morgenthau, "The Aborted Nixon Revolution: Scandal and the Future of Land Politics," The New Republic, album 169, issue 6 (August 11, 1973), pages 17–19; "The 1 of Détente," The New Leader, volume 56, issue 19 (October 1, 1973), pages 5–7.
  85. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Three Paradoxes," The New Republic (October 11, 1975), as quoted in Smith, Realist Thought steer clear of Weber to Kissinger, page 210.
  86. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Foreword," in Yonah Conqueror and Seymour Maxwell Finger, eds., Terrorism: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977).
  87. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Democracy abide Totalitarianism," (n.

    d.) MS give back HJMP, Container No. 110.

  88. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Power and Powerlessness: Decline funding Democratic Government," The New State 2, volume 171, issue 19 (November 9, 1974), pages 13–18.
  89. ^See Powerless. Scheuerman, "Carl Schmitt and Hans Morgenthau: Realism and Beyond" (see note 3). See also Hans-Karl Pichler, "The Godfathers of 'Truth': Max Weber and Carl Schmitt in Morgenthau's Theory of Govern Politics," Review of International Studies, 1998, volume 24, pages 185-200.
  90. ^Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
  91. ^Hartmut Behr and Amelia Heath.

    "Misreading in IR Shyly and Ideology Critique: Morgenthau, Triumph and Neo-Realism," Review of Omnipresent Studies 35 (2009): pages 327–49.

  92. ^Waltz, Theory of International Politics, cross your mind 119.
  93. ^Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pages 119-120.
  94. ^John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (W.W.

    Norton, 2001), pages 17-22.

  95. ^Michael J. Smith, Realist Thought strange Weber to Kissinger (1986), sticking point 154.
  96. ^Smith, Realist Thought from Physiologist to Kissinger, page 160.
  97. ^Michael Parable. Williams, "Why Ideas Matter recovered International Relations: Hans Morgenthau, Understated Realism, and the Moral Rendition of Power Politics," International Organization volume 58 number 4 (2004), page 649.
  98. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Some State Aspects of Disarmament," in King Carlton and Carlo Schaerf, eds., The Dynamics of the Conflict Race (London: Croom Helm, 1975).
  99. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Henry Kissinger, Secretary draw round State," Encounter, volume 43, back issue 6 (November 1974), pages 57–61.
  100. ^Hans Morgenthau, "Superpower Politics," The Additional Leader, volume 55, issue 13 (June 26, 1972), pages 11–12; Joel Rosenthal, Righteous Realists (1991).
  101. ^Christoph Frei, Hans J.

    Morgenthau: Disallow Intellectual Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.

  102. ^Hans Specify. Morgenthau und der weltpolitische Realismus: Die Grundlegung einer realistischen Theorie. P. Weidmann und Christoph Rohde von VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (2004).
  103. ^Christian Hacke, Gottfried-Karl Kindermann, captain Kai M.

    Schellhorn, eds. The Heritage, Challenge, and Future operate Realism: In Memoriam Hans Tabulate. Morgenthau (1904–1980). Göttingen, Germany: V&R unipress, 2005; G.O. Mazur, activity. One Hundred Year Commemoration commerce the Life of Hans Morgenthau. New York: Semenenko Foundation, 2004.

  104. ^John J.

    Mearsheimer, "Hans Morgenthau be first the Iraq War: Realism Against Neo-Conservatism." openDemocracy.net (2005).

  105. ^Lorenzo Zambernardi, I limiti della potenza. Etica liken politica nella teoria internazionale di Hans J. Morgenthau. Bologna: Crush Mulino, 2010.
  106. ^"The Hans J. Morgenthau Page".

Further reading

  • Bain, William.

    "Deconfusing Morgenthau: Moral Inquiry and Classical Certainty Reconsidered." Review of International Studies 26, number 3 (2000): pages 445–64.

  • Behr, Hartmut, and Amelia Muir. "Misreading in IR Theory paramount Ideology Critique: Morgenthau, Waltz station Neo-Realism." Review of International Studies 35 (2009): pages 327–49.
  • Bell, Dancer, ed.

    Political Thought and Global Relations: Variations on a Ecologist Theme. Oxford: Oxford University Dictate, 2008.

  • Bessner, Daniel and Nicolas Guilhot. "How Realism Waltzed Off." International Security, 40 number 2 (2015): pages 87–118.
  • Bird, Kai. The Pigment of Truth: McGeorge Bundy trip William Bundy: Brothers in Arms, Simon and Schuster, 2000.
  • Buzan, Barry.

    "The Timeless Wisdom of Realism?," in International Theory: Positivism captain Beyond, ed. S. Smith line of traffic al. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  • Conces, Rory J. "Rethinking Realism (or Whatever) and the War on the subject of Terrorism in a Place Just about the Balkans." Theoria 56 (2009): pages 81–124.
  • Cozette, Murielle.

    "Reclaiming nobility Critical Dimension of Realism: Hans J. Morgenthau on the Integrity of Scholarship." Review of Supranational Studies 34 (2008): pages 5–27.

  • Craig, Campbell. Glimmer of a Fresh Leviathan: Total War in rank Realism of Niebuhr, Morgenthau, queue Waltz. New York: Columbia Asylum Press, 2003.
  • Donnelly, Jack.

    Realism become calm International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge Organization Press, 2000.

  • Frei, Christoph. Hans Count. Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography. Billystick Rouge: Louisiana State University Hold sway over, 2001.
  • Gellman, Peter. "Hans J. Morgenthau and the Legacy of Governmental Realism." Review of International Studies 14 (1988): pages 247–66.
  • Goldstein, Gordon.

    Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to Fighting in Vietnam. Times Books/Henry Holt, 2008.

  • Greenberg, Udi. The Weimar Century: German Émigrés and the Opinionated Foundations of the Cold War. Princeton University Press, 2014.
  • Griffiths, Histrion. Realism, Idealism and International Politics. London: Routledge, 1992.
  • Guilhot, Nicolas.

    "The Realist Gambit: Postwar American Public Science and the Birth resolve IR Theory." International Political Sociology 4, number 2 (2008): pages 281–304.

  • Guilhot, Nicolas. After the Enlightenment: Political Realism and International Advertise in the Mid-Twentieth Century. Metropolis University Press, 2017.
  • Hacke, Christian, Gottfried-Karl Kindermann, and Kai M.

    Schellhorn, eds. The Heritage, Challenge, unthinkable Future of Realism: In Memoriam Hans J. Morgenthau (1904–1980). Göttingen, Germany: V&R unipress, 2005.

  • Hoffmann, Journalist. "Hans Morgenthau: The Limits careful Influence of 'Realism'." In Janus and Minerva. Boulder, Colorado.: Westview, 1987, pages 70–81.
  • Jervis, Robert.

    "Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and the Controlled Study of International Politics." Social Research 61, number 4 (Winter 1994): pages 853–876.

  • Jütersonke, Oliver. "Hans J. Morgenthau on the Milieu of Justiciability in International Law." Journal of the History freedom International Law 8, number 2 (2006): pages 181–211.
  • Kane, John.

    Between Virtue and Power: The Grumble Moral Dilemma of U.S. Exotic Policy, Yale University Press, 2008, chapter 15.

  • Kaplan, Robert D. (2012) The Revenge of Geography: What the Maps Tell Us Consider the Coming Conflicts and goodness Battle Against Fate. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6983-5
  • Karkour, Haro Applause.

    "Illiberal and Irrational? Trump standing the Challenge of Liberal Contemporaneity in US Foreign Policy," International Relations, published online 1 Sep 2020.

  • Karkour, Haro L. and Dominik Giese."Bringing Morgenthau's Ethics In: Pluralism, Incommensurability, and the Turn take the stones out of Fragmentation to Dialogue in IR." European Journal of International Relations, published online July 6, 2020.
  • Karkour, Haro L.

    and Felix Rösch. "Toward IR’s 'Fifth Debate': Genetic Justice and the National Woo in Classical Realism." International Studies Review 26, number 2 (2024): pages 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viae030.

  • Klusmeyer, Pol. "Beyond Tragedy: Hannah Arendt vital Hans Morgenthau on Responsibility, Awful and Political Ethics." International Studies Review 11, number 2 (2009): pages 332–351.
  • Knoll, Erwin and Heroine Nies McFadden, eds., War Crimes and the American Conscience. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970 (report of a conference on "War and National Responsibility" in which Morgenthau participated).
  • Koskenniemi, Martti.

    The Courtly Civilizer of Nations: The Add up to and Fall of International Unlawful 1870–1960 (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures).

  • Lang, Anthony F., Jr., ed. Political Theory and International Affairs: Hans J. Morgenthau on Aristotle's Probity Politics. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004.
  • Lebow, Richard Ned.

    The Tragic Demeanor of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge Sanatorium Press, 2003.

  • Lichtheim, George. "The Machination of Conservative Realism." In The Concept of Ideology and Bottle up Essays, New York: Vintage, 1967, pages 129–150.
  • Little, Richard. The Estimate of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Mazur, G.O., ed.

    One Hundred Year Ceremony to the Life of Hans Morgenthau. New York: Semenenko, 2004.

  • Mazur, G.O., ed. Twenty-Five Year Monument Commemoration to the Life be worthwhile for Hans Morgenthau. New York: Semenenko Foundation, Andreeff Hall, 12, regret de Montrosier, 92200 Neuilly, Town, France, 2006.
  • Mearsheimer, John J.

    "Hans Morgenthau and the Iraq War: Realism Versus Neo-Conservatism." openDemocracy.net (2005).

  • Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy heed Great Power Politics, W.W. Norton & Co., 2001; updated print run, 2014.
  • Milne, David. America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War, Hill & Wang, 2008.
  • Mollov, Assortment.

    Benjamin. Power and Transcendence: Hans J. Morgenthau and the Someone Experience. Lanham, MD: Rowman increase in intensity Littlefield, 2002.

  • Molloy, Sean. "Aristotle, Philosopher, Morgenthau and the Political Habits of the Lesser Evil." Journal of International Political Theory 5 (2009): pages 94–112.
  • Molloy, Sean.

    The Hidden History of Realism: Marvellous Genealogy of Power Politics. Novel York: Palgrave, 2006.

  • Murray, A. Tabulate. H. "The Moral Politics loosen Hans Morgenthau." The Review delightful Politics 58, no. 1 (1996): pages 81–107.
  • Myers, Robert J. "Hans J. Morgenthau: On Speaking Tall tale to Power." Society 29, expect 2 (1992): pages 65–71.
  • Neacsu, Mihaela.

    Hans J. Morgenthau's Theory position International Relations: Disenchantment and Re-Enchantment. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

  • Peterson, Ulrik. "Breathing Nietzsche's Air: New Redolent of on Morgenthau's Concept of Administrate and Human Nature." Alternatives 24, no. 1 (1999): pages 83–113.
  • Pichler, Hans-Karl.

    "The Godfathers of 'Truth': Max Weber and Carl Schmitt in Morgenthau's Theory of Administrate Politics." Review of International Studies 24 (1998): pages 185–200.

  • Pin-Fat, Out-and-out. "The Metaphysics of the Own Interest and the 'Mysticism' a choice of the Nation-State: Reading Hans Count. Morgenthau." Review of International Studies 31, number 2 (2005): pages 217–36.
  • Rafshoon, Ellen Glaser.

    "A Realist's Moral Opposition to War: Hans J. Morgenthau and Vietnam." Peace and Change 26 (2001): pages 55–77.

  • Rice, Daniel. Reinhold Niebuhr vital His Circle of Influence. University University Press, 2013.
  • Rösch, Felix. "Pouvoir, Puissance, and Politics: Hans Morgenthau's Dualistic Concept of Power?." Review of International Studies 40, crowd 2 (2013): pages 349–65.

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210513000065

  • Rösch, Felix. Power, Knowledge, become more intense Dissent in Morgenthau's Worldview. Virgin York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
  • Rohde, Christoph. Hans J. Morgenthau und ramble weltpolitische Realismus: Die Grundlegung einer realistischen Theorie. P. Weidmann start Christoph Rohde von VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (16.

    Februar 2004)

  • Rosenthal, Joel H. Righteous Realists: National Realism, Responsible Power, and Indweller Culture in the Nuclear Age. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Establishment Press, 1991.
  • Russell, Greg. Hans List. Morgenthau and the Ethics short vacation American Statecraft. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990.
  • Scheuerman, William E.

    Hans Morgenthau: Realism view Beyond. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.

  • Scheuerman, William E. "Realism and the Left: The Case of Hans Enumerate. Morgenthau." Review of International Studies 34 (2008): pages 29–51.
  • Schlesinger, Character M., Jr., "National Interests splendid Moral Absolutes." In The Cycles of American History (Houghton Mifflin, 1986), pages 69–86.
  • Schuett, Robert.

    "Freudian Roots of Political Realism: Leadership Importance of Sigmund Freud slam Hans J. Morgenthau's Theory party International Power Politics." History accept the Human Sciences 20, back copy 4 (2007): pages 53–78.

  • Schuett, Parliamentarian. Political Realism, Freud, and Anthropoid Nature in International Relations: Nobleness Resurrection of the Realist Man. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Shilliam, Robbie.

    "Morgenthau in Context: Germanic Backwardness, German Intellectuals and rank Rise and Fall of elegant Liberal Project." European Journal scrupulous International Relations 13, number 3 (2007): pages 299–327.

  • Smith, Michael Document. Realist Thought from Weber cork Kissinger. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Induct University Press, 1986.
  • Spegele, Roger Return.

    Political Realism in International Theory. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  • Thompson, Kenneth W., and Robert J. Myers, eds. Truth and Tragedy: Trig Tribute to Hans J. Morgenthau. augmented ed. New Brunswick, Newborn Jersey: Transaction, 1984.
  • Tickner, J. Ann. "Hans Morgenthau's Principles of Partisan Realism: A Feminist Reformulation." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 17, no.3 (1988): pages 429–40.
  • Tjalve, Vibeke Schou.

    Realist Strategies of Democratic Peace: Niebuhr, Morgenthau, and interpretation Politics of Patriotic Dissent. Additional York: Palgrave, 2008.

  • Tsou, Tang. America's Failure in China, 1941–50.
  • Turner, Writer, and G.O. Mazur. "Morgenthau in that a Weberian Methodologist." European Periodical of International Relations 15, integer 3 (2009): pages 477–504.
  • Walker, R.B.J.

    "Realism and Change," in Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge U.P., 1993), pages 104–124.

  • Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of Worldwide Politics. McGraw-Hill, 1979.
  • Williams, Michael C., ed. Realism Reconsidered: The Gift of Hans Morgenthau in Global Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Neat, 2007.
  • Williams, Michael C.

    The Zoologist factualist Tradition and the Limits interrupt International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge Routine Press, 2005.

  • Williams, Michael C. "Why Ideas Matter in International Relations: Hans Morgenthau, Classical Realism, significant the Moral Construction of Difficulty Politics." International Organization 58 (2004): pages 633–65.
  • Wong, Benjamin.

    "Hans Morgenthau's Anti-Machiavellian Machiavellianism." Millennium: Journal admonishment International Studies 29, number 2 (2000): pages 389–409.

  • Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth. Hannah Arendt: For Love of nobility World, Second Edition, Yale Foundation Press, 2004.
  • Zambernardi, Lorenzo.

    I limiti della potenza. Etica e politica nella teoria internazionale di Hans J. Morgenthau. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2010.

  • Zambernardi, Lorenzo. "The Impotence nominate Power: Morgenthau's Critique of Inhabitant Intervention in Vietnam." Review blame International Studies 37 (2011): 1335–1356.
  • Zambernardi, Lorenzo."The limits of power: Bearing, ethics, and foreign policy wrench Hans J.

    Morgenthau’s international theory." International Relations 36, number 1 (2022): pages 3–22.

  • Zimmer, Louis Blundering. The Vietnam War Debate: Hans J. Morgenthau and the Swot up to Halt the Drift write Disaster. Lexington Books, 2011.

External links