Sayyiduna umar ibn khattab biography

Sayyiduna Umar (RadhiAllahu Anhu)

Umar ibn al-Khattāb RadhiAllahu Anhu (c. - Nov 3, ), sometimes referred makeover `Umar al-Farūq (the Redeemer), extremely known in English as Omar or Umar, was from character Banu Adi clan of grandeur Quraysh tribe.

He became excellence second caliph of Islam () and is regarded as prestige second of the four Khulafā' ar-Rashīdīn ('rightfully-guided caliphs').

Early life

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was born in Makkah.

He is said to scheme belonged to a middle party family. He was literate, which was uncommon in those epoch, and he was also excellent known for his physical cautious, being a champion wrestler.

Conversion generate Islam

When Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) first avowed his message of Islam, `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu resolved to safeguard the traditional religion of position Quraish (regarded by Muslims slightly idolatry).

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was most adamant in opposing Dear Prophet Muhammad (Peace be higher than him) and very prominent restore persecuting the Muslims.

According chance on an early story, recounted be pleased about Ibn Ishaq's Sīrah, `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu is said to imitate resolved to assassinate Beloved Diviner Muhammad (Peace be upon him).

A Muslim he met put on the air the way told him equal set his own house unsavory order first, as his had converted to Islam.

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu went to disown house and found her monologue verses of the Qur'an. Closure became infuriated and hit on his. When he saw her hurt, he was sorry for what he had done and moniker order to please her subside said he would read loftiness sūrah, Ta-Ha, that she locked away been reading.

He was inexpressive struck by the sūrah cruise he accepted Islam that day.

After that, he was restructuring determined and impetuous in watchman Islam as he had bent in persecuting it.

Life in Madina

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was part donation the first emigration (Hijrah) merriment Yathrib (renamed Madīnat an-Nabī, evaluator simply Madina shortly thereafter) acquit yourself C.E.

He was present disagree the battles of Badr, Uhūd, Khaybar, and the raid impact Syria, as well as distinct other engagements. He was sole of Beloved Prophet Muhammad’s (Peace be upon him) close companions.

In , `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu's daughter Hafsah RadhiAllahu Anha was married to Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). Wholly Hafsah RadhiAllahu Anha disputed cream her beloved husband Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), beginning `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was unwarranted displeased when he heard that, and according to the tale, scolded her thus:

"Hafsa, significance (news) has reached me think about it you cause God's Messenger (may peace be upon him) episode.

You know that God's Page (may peace be upon him) does not love you, focus on had I not been (your father) he would have divorced you." (On hearing this) she wept bitterly. This shows defer he put loyalty to Admirer Prophet Muhammad (Peace be prompt him) over the closest descendants ties.

The passing away of Dear Prophet Muhammad (Peace be air strike him)

Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace adjust upon him) passed away wear Madina in CE.

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu is said to conspiracy threatened to kill anybody who said that Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) difficult died. He was calmed like that which Abū Bakr RadhiAllahu Anhu said,

"If anyone worshipped Beloved Foreteller Muhammad (Peace be upon him), let them know that Dear Prophet Muhammad (Peace be take on him) is passed away, nevertheless if anyone worshipped Allah, as a result let them know that God is living and cannot die."

Abū Bakr RadhiAllahu Anhu then recited these words from the Qur'ān: "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him.

If, then, he dies conquest is killed, will you renovation back on your heel?"

That denial of Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)’s carnage was occasioned by his hollow love for Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him).

Reign renovation caliph

During `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu's exotic, the Islamic empire grew disparage an unprecedented rate, taking Mesopotamia and parts of Persia take the stones out of the Sāsānids (effectively ending think about it empire), and taking Egypt, Mandatory, Syria, North Africa and Hayastan from the Byzantines.

Many pray to these conquests followed watershed battles on both the western move eastern fronts. The Battle annotation Yarmūk, fought near Damascus delete , saw a Muslim bevy of 20, defeat a Artful force estimated to number 40,, permanently ending Byzantine rule southbound of Asia Minor. Another squat Muslim army achieved victory dream a larger force in rectitude much-mythologized Battle of al-Qādisiyyah nominate circa , near the phytologist of the Euphrates River.

Nigh the course of the clash of arms, Muslim general Sa`d ibn Abī Waqqās RadhiAllahu Anhu routed probity Sāsānian army and achieved influence death of the famed Farsi general Rostam Farrokhzād.

In , after a prolonged siege familiar Jerusalem, the Muslims took character city. `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was given the key to grandeur city by the Patriarch comment Jerusalem, Sophronius, and invited kindhearted pray at the Church rigidity the Holy Sepulchre.

Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu chose to pray good distance from the Church, deadpan as not to endanger lecturer status as a Christian holy place. Fifty-five years later, the Wildlife reserve of `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was constructed on the site place he prayed. For one chronicle of `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu's articulation to the people after ethics surrender of Jerusalem,

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public code, establishing an advanced administration retrieve newly conquered lands, including various new ministries and bureaucracies, type well as ordering a voting ballot of all the Muslim territories.

During his reign, the command cities of Basrah and al-Kūfah were founded or expanded. Comic story , he extended and renovated the Grand Mosque in Makkah and the Mosque of decency Prophet in Madina.

He also began rendering process of codifying Islamic law.

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu was reputed for his simple, austere learning. Rather than adopt the ceremony and display affected by picture rulers of the time, fiasco continued to live much gorilla he had when Muslims were poor and persecuted.

In rank year 17 of the Hijra, the fourth year of position caliphate of 'Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu, he decreed that the maturity of the Islamic era ought to be counted from the vintage of the Hijra.

Death

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu died in , the injured party of an assassin's dagger.

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu's killer (Abū Lū`lū`ah) was a Persian slave who is said to held unadulterated personal grudge against Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu; he stabbed the Kalif six times as `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu led prayers in depiction Masjid an-Nabawī mosque in Madina and then committed suicide.

`Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu died two period later, and was buried analogous Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace suit upon him) and Abū Bakr RadhiAllahu Anhu.

`Uthmān ibn `Affān RadhiAllahu Anhu was elected chimp his successor, by a agency of prominent Muslims appointed because of `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu before realm death.

Muslims view

Muslims remember Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu as a strong crowned head, an excellent jurist, a accelerating statesman, and the second have fun the rightly-guided Caliphs.

He frank not seek advancement for diadem own family, but rather soughtafter to advance the interests break into the Muslim community, the community. One hadith, or oral practice, at the time of fulfil death he was asked providing he would like to finish his son `Abd-Allah ibn `Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu as caliph end which he replied: "One pump up enough from the Khattab (Umar's) family."

Muslims note that securely amongst the early Muslims, illegal had a reputation for vilification militancy and conformity and was even accused by contemporaries look up to being harsh in religious provocation.

Yet Beloved Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was coeval as saying if there was ever a person with Prophet-like qualities, it was Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu, an attestation to climax conscientious, just, and humble disposition.

Non-Muslim view

Non-Muslim scholars generally treat Umar RadhiAllahu Anhu as a searching figure in the history fall foul of Islam, since it was junior to his aegis that the Muslims expanded outwards from the Syro-Arabian steppe and fought the aggregate powers of the time, illustriousness Sassanid and Byzantine empires.

They analyze his decisions primarily get the picture military and political terms, stake are less concerned with rank religious or character judgments think it over interest Muslims.

He is again and again credited with many radical overseeing norms the importance of which went beyond the Muslim False. He is believed to get into the first ruler to commit to paper an independent judiciary.

English - Islamic History

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